Emerging Database Models
·
Temporal
Data: - Most database system model the current state of the
world, for instance, current customer, current students and courses currently
being offered. In many applications, it is very important to store and retrieve
information about past states.
·
Spatial
Database: - It includes geographical data,
such as maps and associated information, and computer-aided-design data, such
as integratedcircuit designs or building designs. Application of spatial data
initially stores data as files in a file system. Spatial data supports in
database is important for efficiently storing, indexing and querying of data on
the basis of spatial location. Two types of spatial data: -
· Computer-aided-design(CAD) data: - It includes
spatial information about how objects – such as buildings, car or aircrafts are
constructed. Other important example of CAD databases are integrated circuits
and electronic device layouts.
· Geographical data: - such
as road maps, topographic elevation maps, political maps showing boundaries, land
ownership maps etc.
Application
of Spatial Data: - The ability to store and query large amounts of
data efficiently, concurrency control and durability.
·
Multimedia Database: - A
multimedia database can store multimedia data such as text, images, video,
audio etc. Video and audio data is called continuous-media
data because the display of data requires retrieval at a steady,
predetermined rate.
Multimedia
data formats: - Because of the large number of bytes required
to represent multimedia data, it is essential that multimedia data be stored
and transmitted in compressed form. For image data the most widely used format
is JPEG, named after the standards body that created it, the Joint Picture Experts Group. Video data
can be store by encoding each frame of video in JPEG format.
Continuous
media data: - The most important type of continuous media
data is video data and audio data (for example database of movies). These systems
are characterized by their real time information delivery requirements.
· Data
must be delivered fast without any gap in audio or video.
· Data
must be delivered at a rate that does not cause of overflow of system buffers.
· Synchronization
among different data streams must be maintained.
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